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The latter have shown that CO2 fluxes are inversely related to phytoplankton production (Schindler et?al., 1997) and that the ratio of phytoplankton production to plankton respiration increases with the ratio of PhB to heterotrophic biomass (Del Giorgio et?al., 1999). Factors explaining changes in BP, bacterial specific production (BSP), and the abundance of heterotrophic nanoflagellates (HNF, known as the main grazers of bacterioplankton) were also examined to better understand the influence of microbial interactions on CO2 emission in lakes vs. reservoirs. In addition, measurements of carbon stable http://www.selleckchem.com/products/BIBF1120.html isotope signatures of zooplankton and their relation to CO2 emission were used to evaluate carbon cycling within these ecosystems. Data were collected in four hydroelectric reservoirs and nearby lakes (Table?1) located in the boreal region of Quebec (Canada). Two of the reservoirs (Laforge 1?=?LA1 and Robert Bourrassa?=?LG2) and their nearby lakes are situated in the James Bay region (52��C54��N, 68��C78��W). The two other reservoirs (Sainte-Marguerite 3?=?SM3 and Manicouagan 5?=?M5) and their nearby lakes are located in the ��C?te Nord�� region (50��C52��N, 66��C70��W). All reservoirs and lakes were typical of boreal aquatic ecosystems, with colored waters owing to high humic content. The vegetation in the watersheds was typical of the boreal forest (mostly composed of black spruce or jack pine, and to lesser extent of aspen and birch). The dominant soil is well-drained podzol and peat (~10%) (Lucotte et?al., 1999). The average WRT http://www.selleck.cn/products/carfilzomib-pr-171.html for reservoirs is >?0.24?years (i.e. >?90?days). WRT were not available http://www.selleckchem.com/products/Metformin-hydrochloride(Glucophage).html for lakes (see 'Discussion'). At the time of sampling, the age of reservoir ranged from 1 to 35?years (Table?1). Sampling (emission measurement, biology, and nutrients) was carried out at the end of spring (June) and in summer (July�CAugust) between 2001 and 2003. Samples were collected at least twice and, in many cases, at more than two stations in each of the studied ecosystems (Table?1). Exceptions for this were Lake Du Chaunoy, Lake Km 12, and Lake Km 17 for which the data shown here are from only one (summer) sampling. At each station, water temperature and dissolved oxygen (O2) profiles were determined using a multiparameter probe (YSI 6600). Note that none of the stations contained macrophytes or was sampled more than one time during the same season. For each reservoir and its nearby lakes, sampling was performed the same day or within two to 3?days. For lakes, at least one of the sampled stations was at the deepest part of the ecosystem. Samples were collected at each station with a vertical Van Dorn bottle, in the entire water column (for shallow stations,