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Longitudinal tissue sections (5 and 10?��m) were cut on a Polycut S microtome (Leica, Bannockburn, IL, USA). The 5-��m sections were stained with Goldner's Trichrome stain and the 10-��m sections were left unstained for dynamic histomorphometric measurements. Quantitative histomorphometry was done using a BioQuant image analysis system (Nashville, TN, USA). Fifty fields in the secondary spongiosa at 40�� were quantified. Static histomorphometry was measured on 5-��m Goldner's stained sections. Fluorochrome (calcein)-based parameters of bone formation were measured on unstained 10-��m sections under fluorescent light. Bone area (B.Ar), bone surface (BS), osteoid surface (Os.S), osteoclast surface (Oc.S), osteoclast number (N.Oc), single-labeled surface (sLS), double-labeled surface (dLS), and label thickness (L.Th) were measured. Derived indices of bone resorption and formation including percent bone area http://www.selleck.cn/products/s-gsk1349572.html (B.Ar/T.Ar), percent osteoid surface (OS/BS), percent http://www.selleckchem.com/products/z-vad-fmk.html osteoclast surface (Oc.S/BS), osteoclast number per millimeter of bone surface (N.Oc/BS), percent mineralizing surface (MS/BS) calculated as dLS?+?? sLS, mineral apposition rate (MAR), and bone formation rate/bone surface referent (BFR/BS) were calculated. These measurements follow the standard nomenclature approved by the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.[32] Data were analyzed by Dunnett's one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) or two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's multiple comparison test using SigmaStat software (SPSS Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA). Data http://www.selleckchem.com/products/ly2157299.html are expressed as the mean?��?standard error with p?