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To examine host specificity, F.?oxysporum was inoculated on O.?glaberrima (seeds from either site 1 or site 2) as well as with co-existing tree species, namely Schefflera octophylla (Lour.) Harms, Cryptocarya concinna Hance and Castanopsis fabri Hance. Inoculation with 2-week-old seedlings was performed as described above. Each inoculation was performed with 16 replicates (one seedling per jar unit). Seedling survival was determined 60?days post-inoculation. The manipulative field experiment and the growth-room simulation experiment were statistically analysed by a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM): where Yijkr is the binary response variable (dead or alive seedlings) for a given O.?glaberrima seedling in test quadrats/jars i, which has been exposed to a fungicide/gamma-radiation treatment j (no treatments http://www.selleckchem.com/products/PLX-4032.html in controls); k is the planting density of seeds into blots/jars, r is one of the five focal trees, and pijkr is the predicted seedling survival at the end of the experiment. Distance (test quadrats/jars), fungicide/gamma-radiation, seed density and two-way interactions (e.g. distance?��?fungicide) were treated as fixed effects and focal trees as random effect. In all procedures, the Laplace approximation method was used. Likelihood ratio statistics were applied to analyse variation among focal trees (random effect). Odds ratios (seedling survival of plants exposed to fungicide treatment vs. control treatment without fungicide) were chosen to express the effect of fungicide treatment on survival of seedlings at different distances from a focal tree. Odds ratios?>?1 (95% confidence interval http://www.selleck.cn/products/BEZ235.html does not overlap 1) indicate positive effects of fungicide on seedling survival, and odds ratios not significantly different from 1 indicate no effect. Furthermore, odds ratios were calculated to illustrate that effects of fungicide treatment and soil sterilization on seedling survival were similar. The null hypothesis that seedling survival was independent of fungal inoculation was tested using Pearson��s chi-square test. All analyses were performed using the statistical programming language r, version 2.12.0 (R Development Core Team 2010). At site 1, there were 26 mature trees (DBH?��?9?cm), 14 premature trees http://www.selleckchem.com/products/AZD2281(Olaparib).html (4?cm?��?DBH?