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""Study Type �C Therapy (case series) Level of Evidence?4 What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? The pathophysiology of post-renal acute kidney injury (PR-AKI), i.e. caused by urinary tract obstruction, has been extensively studied in animal models but clinical studies on this subject are outdated, and/or have focused on the mechanisms of ��post-obstructive diuresis�� (POD), a potentially life-threatening polyuria that can develop after the release of obstruction. In severe PR-AKI, the risk of occurrence of POD is high. POD occurrence predicts renal recovery without the persistence of severe chronic kidney failure. In the present study, the occurrence of POD and the persistence http://www.selleckchem.com/products/PD-0325901.html of chronic renal sequelae could be predicted early from clinical variables at admission before the release of obstruction. To identify predictors of post-obstructive diuresis (POD) occurrence or severe chronic renal failure (CRF) persistence after the release of urinary tract obstruction in http://www.selleck.cn/products/JNJ-26481585.html the setting of post-renal acute kidney injury (PR-AKI). Bi-centre retrospective observational study of all patients with PR-AKI treated in two intensive care units (ICUs) from 1998 to 2010. On admission, median (range) serum creatinine was 866 (247�C3119) ?mol/L. In severe PR-AKI treated in ICU, POD occurrence was a frequent event that predicted renal recovery without severe CRF. ""Study Type �C Therapy (case series) Level of Evidence?4 To investigate the outcomes of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) for endophytic tumours and those located near the hilum or the posterior upper-pole, as these pose a technical challenge. Technically challenging tumours were defined as endophytic, hilar, or at the posterior upper-pole (group 1), and were compared to tumours in other locations (group 2). We collected data prospectively for all patients undergoing LPN at our institution, including baseline patient and tumour characteristics, surgical and postoperative outcomes. Two-sided t-test or rank-sum test, and chi-square or exact tests were used as appropriate for comparison of continuous and categorical variables, respectively, with P? http://www.selleckchem.com/products/epz-6438.html patients treated with LPN (42 in group 1 and 142 in group 2) between 2002 and 2008 by one surgeon (A.L.S.). Groups 1 and 2 were similar in terms of baseline variables (age, sex, body mass index, comorbidities, previous surgery, renal function and haematocrit) and in tumour size. LPN for challenging tumours resulted in a higher rate of collecting system repair (78% in group 1, 61% in group 2, P?=?0.03). However, operative (surgery time, warm ischaemia time, blood loss, intraoperative complications) and postoperative outcomes (renal function, nadir haematocrit, complication rate, hospital stay and positive margin rate) were similar between the groups. With developing experience LPN can be safe for technically challenging renal tumours in well selected patients.