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Ensuring adequate healing of a renal injury may enable clinicians to better counsel patients on issues such as return to sporting activities, although radiological healing may not equate to physiological healing. Follow-up imaging in the absence of concerning clinical manifestations has been shown to result in the need for intervention in http://www.selleckchem.com/products/SB-431542.html 48?h [51], combined with the radiation risks of CT [30], make it difficult to justify using CT for follow-up imaging routinely. In addition, http://www.selleckchem.com/products/INCB18424.html radionuclide scintigraphy is useful for monitoring functional recovery of a traumatised kidney, and DMSA scans seem to be the preferred option [4, 5, 11, 52, 53]. Results of radionuclide scans correlate well with the grade of injury, with low-grade injuries rarely resulting in significant dysfunction [52, 53]. In addition to grade IV and V injuries [5, 52, 53], new hypertension appears to be a useful indication for obtaining this investigation [29]. The timing of radionuclide scans appears unimportant: serial split functions remain almost identical http://www.selleck.cn/products/VX-770.html at 8 days and 6 months [53], or 3 months and 1 year [52]. Results do not necessarily affect management; however, may be useful when counselling patients and in guiding need for nephrological follow-up [52]. Clinical follow-up after renal trauma allows symptoms, examination findings, blood pressure, serological renal function, and resolution of non-visible haematuria to be monitored [4]; it also prompts the clinician to review any follow-up imaging that has been obtained. The pathophysiology of post-traumatic hypertension is thought to relate to the increased production of renin in response to renal ischaemia [5]. This ischaemia may be caused by post-traumatic arterial occlusion or stenosis (Goldblatt kidney), pressure on the kidney from haematoma or scar tissue (Page kidney), or an arteriovenous fistula [2]. The incidence, risk factors, and natural history of post-traumatic hypertension remain unclear [6]. The high incidence of hypertension generally, along with long latent periods between the injury and the occurrence of hypertension, which average 34 months [54], make determining these factors very difficult. Although an average incidence of 5.2% has been reported, results from individual studies vary widely (0.6�C33%) [55]; several studies have failed to observe hypertension after renal trauma at all [2].