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The results demonstrated that next to the factors residual tumor and nodal status, CRYAB expression persisted in the models as significant factor for OS and RFS. HR for death (high vs low CRYAB expression) was 2.11 (p = 0.025, 95%CI 1.10�C4.06) and for disease recurrence (high vs low CRYAB expression) 1.92 (p = 0.029, 95%CI 1.07�C3.47) (Table 2 and 3, multivariable analysis). Interestingly, when distinguishing serous (n = 73) from non-serous ovarian cancer types (n = 30), significant associations of CRYAB mRNA expression and patient outcome was only found in the group of serous ovarian cancers (OS: log rank p http://www.selleck.cn/products/bgj398-nvp-bgj398.html order to validate our results on the association of CRYAB expression and http://www.selleckchem.com/products/Bortezomib.html patient outcome, we used publicly available CRYAB mRNA expression data from ovarian cancer patients via the biomarker assessment tool Kaplan-Meier Plotter.21 By screening these online data for the clinical characteristics, optimal tumor debulking, platin containing chemotherapy, FIGO stage III and IV, and serous histological type, 431 patients were selected in order to assess the association of CRYAB expression with OS, and 413 for the assessment with RFS. The resulting Kaplan-Meier curves for OS and RFS clearly confirmed the significant associations of high CRYAB expression and poor outcome of ovarian cancer patients (OS: HR = 1.67, p = 0.00022; http://www.selleckchem.com/products/gsk1120212-jtp-74057.html RFS: HR = 2.04, p = 3.8e?09) (Fig. 2b). CRYAB protein expression was determined by Western blot analysis in two subsets of tumor tissues, displaying significant differences in CRYAB mRNA expression determined by microarray analysis. Signals obtained were normalized to signal intensity obtained for the housekeeping protein GAPDH. Subset A (Fig. 3b, lanes 1�C5) exhibited low CRYAB mRNA levels (mean value of Illumina normalized signal intensity for CRYAB on array: 247), subset B high mRNA expression (mean signal intensity: 8,508) (Fig. 3b, lanes 6�C10). The analysis clearly demonstrated that increased CRYAB mRNA levels in subset B mirrored significantly elevated CRYAB protein expression. In tissue microarrays comprising a subset of 36 tumors (72% serous, 28% non-serous), CRYAB protein was determined by immunohistochemistry. CRYAB immunoreactivity was localized in different specimens in the cytoplasm of the tumor cells. Neither nuclear, membrane-associated nor stromal CRYAB expression was noticeable. While 53% of the tissues (n = 19) lacked CRYAB expression (negative staining, score 0); positive staining (scores 1 and 2) was detected in 47% (n = 17).