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4 in the upper sulfidic zone (Fig. S5). The Planctomycetes sequences from 1000?m in the sulfidic zone clustered into group A17 and in uncharacterized sulfidic group A in the http://www.selleckchem.com/products/lgk-974.html class Planctomycetacia and in a series of small clusters in the deeply branching class of Planctomycetes (Fig.?2). Interestingly, sequences 1K8B and 1K11E from 1000?m, in the A17 group, are closely related to sequences found in a diatom bloom in oxic ocean surface waters (Morris et?al., 2006) and from the suboxic zone of Lake Tanganyika (Schubert et?al., 2006), implying a wide range of ecological niches in the A17 group. However, Planctomycetes from 1000?m primarily are found in uncharacterized groups outside the Planctomycetacia class. These Planctomycetes imply that novel genera and perhaps novel metabolic groups of Planctomycetes reside in sulfidic environments. As aggregates larger than 53?��m dominate the vertical mass flux in the ocean (Clegg & Whitfield, 1990; Amiel et?al., 2002), bacteria caught on the 30-��m-pore-size filter collected from the center of the suboxic zone in 2005 (�Ҧ�?=?15.8) were likely mainly attached to sinking aggregates or large suspended particles. These particles contained diatom chloroplasts (Fuchsman et?al., 2011). Particulate organic carbon http://www.selleck.cn/products/VX-809.html (determined by a 0.7-��m-pore-size filter) was around 4?��M in the suboxic zone at that time, and C/N ratios of these particles were about 9, indicating that the particulate http://www.selleckchem.com/products/17-AAG(Geldanamycin).html organic matter was at least partially degraded (Fuchsman et?al., 2011). Particulate manganese had a maximum at �Ҧ�?=?15.85 and was detectable throughout the suboxic zone (Fuchsman et?al., 2011). Identified 16S rRNA gene phylotypes were categorized as particle-attached or free-living based on a comparison of TRFLP chromatograms between the prefiltered sample and the 30-��m-pore-size prefilter from �Ҧ�?=?15.8 2005 (Fig.?3). If >?75% of the combined normalized peak height for a phylotype was found on the prefilter chromatogram, it is considered to be particle-attached. If >?75% of the combined peak height for a phylotype was found in the filtrate chromatogram, it is considered free-living. These findings were supported and extended by comparing presence and absence in prefiltered and bulk water samples �Ҧ�?=?15.7�C15.9. Some Planctomycetes were identified as particle-attached including Planctomyces phylotype JK221; agg27 phylotypes BO825 and BO832; and BSI phylotypes BO823, JK782, JK80, JK589, and BO813. Other Planctomycetes were found equally in both fractions, including Planctomyces phylotype BO821, Rhodopirellula BO815, the unidentified peak pair 370/127 (HaeIII/MspI), and unidentified peak 166 (MspI). These organisms may be attached to both large and small (