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The intubation time was defined as the time from the passage of the tip of the intubating device through the lips of the patient, until inflation of the tracheal tube http://www.selleck.cn/products/Methazolastone.html cuff. Pulse oximetry, capnography, heart rate and non-invasive arterial pressure were measured before intubation, during intubation, and at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10?min after intubation. The duration and the number of intubation attempts (>?2 failed attempts was considered a failure) were recorded. Assessment of airway complications was made as described by Bilgin and colleagues [11]: lip or dental injury; mucosal injury (blood detected on airway device); and desaturation (Spo2? http://www.selleckchem.com/products/Nutlin-3.html outcome of the angle of cervical extension during laryngoscopy, a sample size of at least 15 per group was required to detect a 4�� difference between baseline and intubation in �� or �� angles, with a power of 80% at the 5% significance level, while accounting for multiple comparisons. The age, sex and ASA status http://www.selleckchem.com/products/ABT-737.html were matched between the groups (Table?1). The degree of extension of angles between C1�CC2 (��) and C2�CC3 (��) vertebral bodies are shown in Table?2. Table?3 shows the change in �� and �� compared with baseline (neutral position) during intubation. The �� and �� angles after the intubation were significantly different between the groups (��, p?=?0.046; ��, p?=?0.035). Baseline values were measured and calculated after the recruitment of the patients and the differences between groups in baseline values are simply a reflection of chance resulting from the randomisation process. However, as the total mobility of the neck is represented by the change in angles it was the change from baseline with the respective devices that was the endpoint of interest. The post-intubation fluoroscopic view was taken before the final correction of the patient's head (i.e. before bringing it to the baseline posture), which is why values did not return to baseline levels. There were no differences between the groups in laryngoscopic views (Table?2). Tracheal intubation was successful in all patients in both groups. The mean (SD) duration of intubation was equal in the groups (28 (10)?s vs 30 (9)?s for the Flexiblade and direct laryngoscopy respectively, p?=?0.493). Desaturation did not occur in any patients.