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The increase in lung compliance associated with emphysema counters the usual restrictive process of lung fibrosis. This results in preserved lung volumes despite progression of disease. Change in forced vital capacity over time serves as a robust prognostic feature in patients with IPF, but this is an unreliable factor to determine progression in CPFE. Change in forced expiratory volume in 1?s and diffusing capacity may be more reliable in this patient population.[10] Antoniou and colleagues focuses attention on an important patient population, and this should prompt the careful design of studies to investigate various forms of CPFE. Prospective cohort studies are needed to determine http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VAV2 if CPFE behaves differently than other phenotypes of IPF. Therapeutic trials should be designed to incorporate patients with http://www.selleckchem.com/screening/tyrosine-kinase-inhibitor-library.html CPFE��either through subset stratification or by using endpoints that do not rely on physiological surrogates. Studying patients with fibrosis and emphysema should provide a more nuanced understanding of the underlying mechanisms that lead to each process and should help us provide better care to these patients. ""The author would like to draw the reader's attention to an error to the following article: Michaela Kendall and Stephen Holgate. Health impact and toxicological effects of nanomaterials in the lung. Respirology. 2012; 17: 743�C58. The legend for Figure 2 was incomplete in the original publication of the article. It should read as follows: The hourly average nanoparticle number concentration in air at a UK government monitoring site in Central London (----- Marylebone Road) shows the diurnal pattern of nanoparticles near a busy roadside over 24?h, compared to a rural location (���� Harwell) (D. Tinker et?al. unpubl.data). Combustion dominates as a source of ultrafine particles ( http://www.selleckchem.com/GSK-3.html Rare Lung Disease �C Short Course 9�C10 August 2013, Sydney, Australia www.lungfoundation.com.au/2013/01/inaugural-australian-rare-lung-disease-short-course/ ERS Annual Congress 7�C11 September 2013, Barcelona, Spain www.ersnet.org/congresses/ barcelona-2013.html Asia Pacific Association of Pediatric Allergy, Respirology and Immunonogy (APAPARI) 2013 2�C4 October 2013, Bangkok, Thailand www.apapari2013.com/ CHEST 2013��Annual Scientific Meeting of the American College of Chest Physicians 26�C31 October 2013, Chicago, USA www.chestnet.org/CHEST/ 15th World Conference on Lung Cancer 27�C30 October 2013, Sydney, Australia www.2013worldlungcancer.org/ 18th Congress of the APSR 11�C14 November 2013, Yokohama, Japan www.apsresp.org/congress.