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Refined carbohydrates, such as white bread, white rice and http://www.selleck.cn/products/AZD6244.html pasta, are scored high on the GI (>65), while unrefined carbohydrates, such as whole grain breads and lentils, score lower ( http://www.selleckchem.com/products/lee011.html molecule: fructose. This monosaccharide is most commonly found in disaccharide form in table sugar, also known as sucrose. Table sugar consists of one glucose joined to one fructose molecule and is commonly added to a variety of manufactured foods (yoghurt, breakfast cereals, sauces, cakes, pastries and soft drinks), and to tea and coffee. Fructose is present in a restricted range of foods: fruit, honey, refined sugar and high-fructose corn syrup �C a sugar-like substance derived from corn �C often used as a sugar replacement in North America. Nutritionists frequently distinguish between ��intrinsic�� sugar, monosaccharides present in fruit and vegetables, and ��added�� sugar, which is usually sucrose, high-fructose corn syrup or glucose, used as an ingredient http://www.selleckchem.com/products/bmn-673.html in the manufacture of many foods. Before we review the epidemiological and clinical evidence linking food intake with cardiovascular disease, we briefly explore the history of the modern-day ��diabesity�� epidemic. The recent rising tide of type 2 diabetes, and the obesity epidemic, starting in the early 1980s have not occurred in a nutrition vacuum, nor has the epidemic been equally spread over all nations. If we examine the evolution of obesity prevalence in a range of developed countries, using the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) data from the early 1980s to 2007, we see a stark trend (Fig.?1).[7] First, the rate of rise in obesity prevalence has occurred mostly in English-speaking countries lead by the United States, but closely followed by the UK, New Zealand, Australia and Canada. In each of these countries (except Canada), between a quarter and one-third of all adults are classified as obese. Continental European countries are the next lowest prevalence region, with the lowest levels of obesity observed in the only two Asian countries in the OECD: Japan and South Korea (