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In 2009 a new strain of influenza A/H1N1, coming from reassortant animal and human viruses, caused a global pandemic [26]. In the last influenza seasons, the pandemic influenza A/H1N1 virus replaced prior seasonal influenza A/H1N1 virus. Recent studies performed during the pandemic have greatly increased our knowledge of the epidemiology of influenza infection in the transplant population [27-32]. The risk of complications appears to be higher in SOT recipients as compared to the general population, particularly the incidence of pneumonia (up to 22%�C49% in transplant recipients). Allograft dysfunction and acute rejection have been observed after http://www.selleckchem.com/products/3-deazaneplanocin-a-dznep.html severe cases of influenza [28]. Most studies have observed an excess of influenza-associated morbidity and mortality in SOT recipients as compared to the general population. Rates of reported severe influenza varied between 16 and 20%, and attributable mortality was estimated to be 4%�C8% [27-32]. Ascertainment biases http://www.selleck.cn/products/pf-06463922.html towards inclusion of patients with more severe disease may overestimate the severity of influenza in SOT recipients. Risk factors for severe influenza in SOT recipients include use the antilymphocyte globulins, diabetes mellitus, pneumonia, bacterial and fungal co-infection, and early infection ( http://www.selleckchem.com/products/erastin.html of influenza vaccine exist, the inactivated influenza vaccine and intranasal live-attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV). LAIV is contra-indicated in SOT recipients and close contacts, due to a potential risk of dissemination of the vaccine strain. One dose of the seasonal intramuscular trivalent influenza vaccine is the standard of care in adults, and two doses 4 weeks apart is recommended for na?ve children