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001) (Table?3). Significantly higher seminal SOD, catalase and TAC levels were seen in the recreationally active men compared with the elite athletes and non-active men, as well as in the non-active men compared with the elite athletes (p? http://www.selleckchem.com/products/VX-765.html demonstrated that elite athletes, recreationally active and non-active men had significantly different levels of seminal oxidative stress biomarkers and antioxidants. Our results indicated that elite athletes had significantly higher levels of seminal 8-Isoprostane, ROS and MDA as well as lower levels of seminal SOD, catalase and TAC compared with the recreationally active and non-active men. To our knowledge, so far no study has been conducted concerning the differences in oxidants and antioxidants in seminal plasma from individuals http://www.selleckchem.com/products/pf-562271.html with different levels of physical fitness. However, the impacts of various types of physical activities with different intensities and durations on levels of oxidative stress biomarkers and antioxidants in systemic circulation have been widely investigated (De Moffarts et?al., 2005; Lekhi et?al., 2007; Ascensao et?al., 2008; Kirschvink et?al., 2008; K��rk?�� et?al., 2010). It is well documented that prolonged and strenuous periods of training causes oxidative stress and cell damage as well as disturbances in the oxidant/antioxidant equilibrium (De Moffarts et?al., 2005; Kirschvink et?al., 2008). Lekhi et?al. (2007) reported an increase in MDA as well as a decrease in circulatory levels of catalase in elite cyclists trained a mean weekly cycling distance of 90?km. Elevated levels of lipid hydroperoxide, total oxidative stress and plasma oxidative stress index in systemic circulation in young wrestlers participated in a typical wrestling training session has also been reported (K��rk?�� et?al., 2010). Likewise, K��rk?�� (2010) reported that after initiating an exercise programme, the balance between systemic oxidative stress and http://www.selleck.cn/products/azd6738.html antioxidant moves towards oxidative stress as a result of increasing oxidants (total oxidative status and oxidative stress index) and decreasing antioxidants (TAC) (K��rk?��, 2010). In this study, we enrolled competitive elite athletes including wrestlers, boxers, judokas, taekwondo and karate players who had regular training programmes (more than 4?days per week) mainly characterized by short duration, high intensity, intermittent exercise followed by a period of constant pulling, pushing, lifting, grappling and gripping movements (Pulkkinen, 2001; Tartibian et?al., 2010).