Experience of Insurgency in India's North-East
The unemployment situation has lent an edge to the separatist tendency by creating numerous insurgent outfits in all the states of northeast India. Language/ethnicity, tribal rivalry, migration, control over local resources and a widespread feeling of exploitation and alienation have resulted in violence and diverse demands by various Indian Insurgent Groups . The demands vary from sovereignty in some cases to independent State or Homeland or simply better conditions for ethnic groups they claim to represent. The underground outfits indulge in violent and terror activities and intimidate people with arms in order to achieve their objectives / demands.
On 18 February 2018, NCP candidate Jonathone N Sangma and his two security guards, and the driver were killed in an IED attack. On 18 March 2015, the government of Meghalaya sanctioned the creation of a new counter insurgency battalion, known as Special Force 10, the unit will receive, riot management, jungle and urban warfare training. On 2 March 2015, a bomb blast wounded two petrol pump employees in the West Khasi Hills district, the owner of the pump had previously fallen victim of extortion attempts by GNLA militants. On 18 December 2014, the Indian military killed two UALA fighters in the village of Thanti Pick Hills, Goalpara district, Assam. On 1 May 2014, a GNLA training officer was killed in the aftermath of an army raid on a GNLA camp in the area of Chokpot, IED and communication equipment was also confiscated. On 12 October 2008, policemen shot and killed top PLF-M commander Pollendro Marak, in the aftermath of an encounter in the area of the Boganol village, East Garo Hills.
India in total shares a 4,096.7 kilometers long boundary with Bangladesh, of which 443 kilometers fall within Meghalaya. Out of the total India-Bangladesh border, fencing has been completed along a 3,000 kilometer stretch. Of the remaining unfenced 1,096.7 kilometers, about 90 kilometers remain in Meghalaya. The average annual progress of fencing along the Indo-Bangladesh border has been 26 kilometers over the past eight years. Taiwan’s domestic defence industry plays a massive role in national defence, producing innovation after innovation despite international isolation. Pakistan, through its intelligence agency the I.S.I., is believed to have assisted the militant groups in terms of training and finance.
Though incidents of abduction for ransom declined through 2017, they continued to cause fear among the people. Of the 31 people abducted in 2017, at least eight were released while fate of rest of the victims remain unknown. In the first 24 days of 2018, one incident of abduction has already been reported. The numbers of abductions are likely to be higher than those reflected in this data, as many incidents are not reported. On January 11, 2018, Garo National Liberation Army ‘deputy commander in chief’ Matchallang M. Sangma aka Vietnam was killed in an encounter with Meghalaya Police at Bawe Duragre village in East Garo Hills District.
These developments suggest a continuation of the Northeast and Maoist insurgencies in India in 2016, albeit at much lower levels compared to the earlier years. One aspect that stood out this year, and that might influence future levels of violence, was the high number of surrenders by Maoists. While it might be too early to say, these surrenders could indicate an at least temporary weakening of the Maoist movement. In their fight against the Indian Government, the Naxals follow the Maoist ideology of communism.
The Armed Forces Act, or AFSPA, has been in force in Nagaland and parts of the northeast for several decades. Under this legislation, security forces can conduct operations anywhere in the state where the law is in effect and arrest anyone without any prior warrant. In NSCN (I-M) view, there is hardly any internal cohesion within the Indian Union. In fact, the seeds of disintegration of the Indian Union are embedded in its formation. The NSCN (I-M)'s logistic support to various ethnic insurgent groups in the region like the MNF, ULFA, NDFB, NTLF, PLA, etc., and its approval of the Khalistan Movement in Punjab as well as militancy in Jammu and Kashmir may well be understood if viewed from this perspective. Notably, the Meghalaya Government has asserted that the State’s police force jointly with the Central security forces is ensuring that no militant outfit use the State as a heaven for nefarious or anti-national activity.
Grievances may include a breach of public duty by a government agent or a violation of a constitutional provision. NGOs credited PIL petitions with making government officials accountable to civil society organizations in cases involving allegations of corruption and partiality. The law prohibits arbitrary arrest and detention, but both occurred during the year. Pretrial detention was arbitrary and lengthy, sometimes exceeding the duration of the sentence given to those convicted. In many states the NHRC made unannounced visits to state prisons, but NHRC jurisdiction does not extend to military detention centers. An NHRC special rapporteur visited state prisons to verify that authorities provided medical care to all inmates.
Only candidates belonging to these groups may contest elections in reserved constituencies. Members of minority populations previously served as prime minister, vice president, cabinet ministers, Supreme Court justices, and members of parliament. Approximately 70,000 stateless Bangladeshi Chakma persons lived in Arunachal Pradesh. During the year the Supreme Court ordered the central government and the Arunachal Pradesh state government to consider citizenship for Chakma and Hajong refugees who have lived in the state for almost 50 years.
IG Ftr HQ BSF Meghalaya said that the insurgency, militancy gets opportunities to prevail due to illiteracy and unemployment. He urged the local population, village heads to work hand in hand with BSF to eradicate these evils. IG BSF further said that BSF is continuously encouraging the youths of bordering areas to pursue their career in defence and CAPF services and lead a life of peace, tranquillity and prosperity. The condition of a working woman / "mou" is even worst whether she is contributing her energy to the economy of the family. No matter what position she holds in the workplace but in the family and society, she remains as "mou". She is still expected to carry on all kinds of household chores even after a tiring day's work outside and expected to give all her earned money otherwise she will be called as lazy mou and blame her in each of her step.
In the old days, since Manipur was often at war to keep off invaders and protect its borders, the number of families with women as the heads was comparatively high. The National Policy for Empowerment, 2001 has provisions on protection of women in the country. Common platform is needed for the NGOs and people should work collectively,” she said, adding that sharing information with the public is needed for giving benefits to women and society. The underground outfits maintain that Manipur had been an independent country before India became a free country. There was the Constitution, the Assembly with elected representatives in Manipur before 1947. The merger agreement was signed by the Manipur King, Budhachandra at Shillong on September 15, 1949.
SAJ aims to highlight emerging regional trends, especially issues which call for more emphasis among decision makers and policy framers. The second batch of SF-10, a Special Force of the Meghalaya Police, with 152 commandos and a Unit of 50 recruits in Law and Order Riot Control were formally inducted on August 4, 2017. The first batch was inducted after completing six months of basic training and a three-and-a-half month special commando counter-insurgency course on October 5, 2016.
State governments also reportedly held persons without bail for extended periods before filing formal charges under the UAPA. The government authorized the NHRC to investigate rape cases involving police officers. By law the NHRC may also request information about cases involving the army and paramilitary forces, but it has no mandate to investigate those cases. NGOs claimed the NHRC underestimated the number of rapes committed in police custody.
If country goes by the JNU thought process, each ethnic/tribal group should have total autonomy/state/country and with this process perhaps we will end up having more states in the Northeast than the 565 princely states country had at the time of independence. On the onset, I very modestly and humbly say, I missed university education as I got selected for the Indian Military Academy in June 1962. He refused any party affiliation and fought election as independent candidate attacking corruption, ethnic kinship support of militants on moral and Christian ethics.
Nagaland, then part of the larger state of Assam, was the first to experience militancy. Long before the British left India, Nagas considered themselves to be independent and petitioned the British to declare them as an independent country. After being snubbed by both the British and the new regime in New Delhi, Nagas, under the leadership of the Naga National Council (N.N.C.), headed by A.Z. In his declaration, Phizo argued that in a plebiscite held in Nagaland in May 1951, more than 99 percent of voters favored independence. The meeting will also discuss ways to end insurgency problems in the region through dialogue, he added.
On 18 February 2018, NCP candidate Jonathone N Sangma and his two security guards, and the driver were killed in an IED attack. On 18 March 2015, the government of Meghalaya sanctioned the creation of a new counter insurgency battalion, known as Special Force 10, the unit will receive, riot management, jungle and urban warfare training. On 2 March 2015, a bomb blast wounded two petrol pump employees in the West Khasi Hills district, the owner of the pump had previously fallen victim of extortion attempts by GNLA militants. On 18 December 2014, the Indian military killed two UALA fighters in the village of Thanti Pick Hills, Goalpara district, Assam. On 1 May 2014, a GNLA training officer was killed in the aftermath of an army raid on a GNLA camp in the area of Chokpot, IED and communication equipment was also confiscated. On 12 October 2008, policemen shot and killed top PLF-M commander Pollendro Marak, in the aftermath of an encounter in the area of the Boganol village, East Garo Hills.
India in total shares a 4,096.7 kilometers long boundary with Bangladesh, of which 443 kilometers fall within Meghalaya. Out of the total India-Bangladesh border, fencing has been completed along a 3,000 kilometer stretch. Of the remaining unfenced 1,096.7 kilometers, about 90 kilometers remain in Meghalaya. The average annual progress of fencing along the Indo-Bangladesh border has been 26 kilometers over the past eight years. Taiwan’s domestic defence industry plays a massive role in national defence, producing innovation after innovation despite international isolation. Pakistan, through its intelligence agency the I.S.I., is believed to have assisted the militant groups in terms of training and finance.
Though incidents of abduction for ransom declined through 2017, they continued to cause fear among the people. Of the 31 people abducted in 2017, at least eight were released while fate of rest of the victims remain unknown. In the first 24 days of 2018, one incident of abduction has already been reported. The numbers of abductions are likely to be higher than those reflected in this data, as many incidents are not reported. On January 11, 2018, Garo National Liberation Army ‘deputy commander in chief’ Matchallang M. Sangma aka Vietnam was killed in an encounter with Meghalaya Police at Bawe Duragre village in East Garo Hills District.
These developments suggest a continuation of the Northeast and Maoist insurgencies in India in 2016, albeit at much lower levels compared to the earlier years. One aspect that stood out this year, and that might influence future levels of violence, was the high number of surrenders by Maoists. While it might be too early to say, these surrenders could indicate an at least temporary weakening of the Maoist movement. In their fight against the Indian Government, the Naxals follow the Maoist ideology of communism.
The Armed Forces Act, or AFSPA, has been in force in Nagaland and parts of the northeast for several decades. Under this legislation, security forces can conduct operations anywhere in the state where the law is in effect and arrest anyone without any prior warrant. In NSCN (I-M) view, there is hardly any internal cohesion within the Indian Union. In fact, the seeds of disintegration of the Indian Union are embedded in its formation. The NSCN (I-M)'s logistic support to various ethnic insurgent groups in the region like the MNF, ULFA, NDFB, NTLF, PLA, etc., and its approval of the Khalistan Movement in Punjab as well as militancy in Jammu and Kashmir may well be understood if viewed from this perspective. Notably, the Meghalaya Government has asserted that the State’s police force jointly with the Central security forces is ensuring that no militant outfit use the State as a heaven for nefarious or anti-national activity.
Grievances may include a breach of public duty by a government agent or a violation of a constitutional provision. NGOs credited PIL petitions with making government officials accountable to civil society organizations in cases involving allegations of corruption and partiality. The law prohibits arbitrary arrest and detention, but both occurred during the year. Pretrial detention was arbitrary and lengthy, sometimes exceeding the duration of the sentence given to those convicted. In many states the NHRC made unannounced visits to state prisons, but NHRC jurisdiction does not extend to military detention centers. An NHRC special rapporteur visited state prisons to verify that authorities provided medical care to all inmates.
Only candidates belonging to these groups may contest elections in reserved constituencies. Members of minority populations previously served as prime minister, vice president, cabinet ministers, Supreme Court justices, and members of parliament. Approximately 70,000 stateless Bangladeshi Chakma persons lived in Arunachal Pradesh. During the year the Supreme Court ordered the central government and the Arunachal Pradesh state government to consider citizenship for Chakma and Hajong refugees who have lived in the state for almost 50 years.
IG Ftr HQ BSF Meghalaya said that the insurgency, militancy gets opportunities to prevail due to illiteracy and unemployment. He urged the local population, village heads to work hand in hand with BSF to eradicate these evils. IG BSF further said that BSF is continuously encouraging the youths of bordering areas to pursue their career in defence and CAPF services and lead a life of peace, tranquillity and prosperity. The condition of a working woman / "mou" is even worst whether she is contributing her energy to the economy of the family. No matter what position she holds in the workplace but in the family and society, she remains as "mou". She is still expected to carry on all kinds of household chores even after a tiring day's work outside and expected to give all her earned money otherwise she will be called as lazy mou and blame her in each of her step.
In the old days, since Manipur was often at war to keep off invaders and protect its borders, the number of families with women as the heads was comparatively high. The National Policy for Empowerment, 2001 has provisions on protection of women in the country. Common platform is needed for the NGOs and people should work collectively,” she said, adding that sharing information with the public is needed for giving benefits to women and society. The underground outfits maintain that Manipur had been an independent country before India became a free country. There was the Constitution, the Assembly with elected representatives in Manipur before 1947. The merger agreement was signed by the Manipur King, Budhachandra at Shillong on September 15, 1949.
SAJ aims to highlight emerging regional trends, especially issues which call for more emphasis among decision makers and policy framers. The second batch of SF-10, a Special Force of the Meghalaya Police, with 152 commandos and a Unit of 50 recruits in Law and Order Riot Control were formally inducted on August 4, 2017. The first batch was inducted after completing six months of basic training and a three-and-a-half month special commando counter-insurgency course on October 5, 2016.
State governments also reportedly held persons without bail for extended periods before filing formal charges under the UAPA. The government authorized the NHRC to investigate rape cases involving police officers. By law the NHRC may also request information about cases involving the army and paramilitary forces, but it has no mandate to investigate those cases. NGOs claimed the NHRC underestimated the number of rapes committed in police custody.
If country goes by the JNU thought process, each ethnic/tribal group should have total autonomy/state/country and with this process perhaps we will end up having more states in the Northeast than the 565 princely states country had at the time of independence. On the onset, I very modestly and humbly say, I missed university education as I got selected for the Indian Military Academy in June 1962. He refused any party affiliation and fought election as independent candidate attacking corruption, ethnic kinship support of militants on moral and Christian ethics.
Nagaland, then part of the larger state of Assam, was the first to experience militancy. Long before the British left India, Nagas considered themselves to be independent and petitioned the British to declare them as an independent country. After being snubbed by both the British and the new regime in New Delhi, Nagas, under the leadership of the Naga National Council (N.N.C.), headed by A.Z. In his declaration, Phizo argued that in a plebiscite held in Nagaland in May 1951, more than 99 percent of voters favored independence. The meeting will also discuss ways to end insurgency problems in the region through dialogue, he added.
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