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Reflex action mortality predictors (RAMP) is an easy-to-use and inexpensive field-based assessment tool that measures fish vitality before release and correlates with future survival (Davis 2010). Since its introduction, RAMP has successfully predicted postrelease mortality for fish and shellfish in laboratory- and field-based holding experiments (e.g. Davis 2007; Stoner 2009; Campbell et?al. 2010). RAMP assessments involve checking for the presence or absence of multiple (e.g. 5) reflexes identified to be consistently present in vigorous individuals. Assessments of reflexes are rapid ( http://www.selleckchem.com/products/AZD0530.html appeal of reflexes is that they are intuitive to fishers and are whole-animal indicators of a compromised physiological state (Davis 2010). If validated, RAMP could be used to rapidly generate bycatch mortality estimates for different gears, seasons and fishing techniques �C data that can inform the management of and reduction in bycatch mortality and support conservation initiatives. Wild coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch Walbaum released from aboriginal beach seine fisheries in the Fraser River, British Columbia (Canada), were used to provide the first comparison of telemetry-based survival estimates with RAMP scores. The interior Fraser River coho salmon population is listed as endangered by the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada, and therefore, fishers in British Columbia are required to release all wild coho salmon. We assessed whether RAMP scores correlated with delayed mortality and postrelease migration behaviour and compared RAMP scores with plasma physiology to determine whether RAMP is a reasonable approach to assessing stress and vitality. An aboriginal band operating on the lower Fraser River mainstem near Hope, British Columbia, Canada (49��18��32���N, 121��40��03���W; Fig.?1), allowed us to tag or biopsy the coho salmon bycatch in their pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha beach seine fishery, from 21 to 23 September 2009. Fish were captured using a 90?m?��?9?m?��?5?cm mesh beach seine that was anchored to shore, dragged away from shore, allowed to drift downstream and pulled in using a power boat. Once the net was closed, it was pulled onto the beach by hand until fish were crowded into shallow water (