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All PCR reactions were performed in an iCycler thermal cycler (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Richmond, CA) using Taq polymerase, nucleotides and buffers purchased from MBI Fermentas (Vilnius, Lithuania). Sequences were compared with sequences available in the GenBank database using the blast (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) service to determine their approximate phylogenetic affiliations (Altschul et?al., 1990). The 16S rRNA gene sequences obtained (>?430 nucleotides) along with those http://www.selleckchem.com/products/ly2157299.html of related bacteria deposited in GenBank were used to construct a phylogenetic tree. The analysis was performed by the neighbour-joining method (Kimura two-parameter distance optimized criteria) using mega version 5.0 (Tamura et?al., 2011). The robustness of the tree was confirmed by bootstrap analysis based on 1000 resamplings. Nucleotide sequences generated in this study have been deposited in the GenBank database under the accession numbers GQ365194�CGQ365211 and GU084169�CGU084170. To establish nourished conditions, bacterial isolates were grown in marine broth on an orbital shaker (100?r.p.m.) at 25?��C until late exponential phase. For starvation experiments, cells were grown in minimal nine-salt solution glucose medium (MNSS) containing 4.0?g?L?1 of glucose, 2.2?g?L?1 of (NH4)2SO4, and 0.54?g?L?1 of K2HPO4, as described by Nystrom et?al. (1992). Starvation regime was imposed by harvesting 5?mL of an exponentially growing culture http://www.selleckchem.com/products/z-vad-fmk.html by rapid filtration through a Millipore filter (pore size, 0.45?��m), washing the cells twice and resuspending in 0.2-��m-pore-size-filtered autoclaved seawater, followed by a 40-h incubation on an orbital shaker (100?r.p.m.) at 25?��C (Nystrom et?al., 1992). Cells grown under the different nutritional conditions were harvested by centrifugation (3200?g for 15?min, 20?��C), and the pellet was washed three times in 0.2-��m-pore-size-filtered, autoclaved aged seawater. Cells were resuspended in 0.2-��m-pore-size-filtered, autoclaved seawater. Bacterial abundance was determined by epifluorescence microscopy (Hobbie et?al., 1977) and adjusted with 0.2-��m-pore-size-filtered autoclaved seawater to 106?cells?mL?1. A convenient volume of cell suspension for each isolate was transferred to 150-mm diameter Petri http://www.selleck.cn/products/XL184.html dishes so that the depth of the liquid was