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Eighty-three PETs (20%) were interpreted as positive for relapse, including 31 (37%) eventually determined as TP and 52 (63%) as FP. Overall, FU-PET had sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV and negative PV (NPV) of 100%, 87%, 88%, 37%, and 100%, respectively, for detecting relapse during CR. Performance indices of FU-PET for the two groups are presented in Table 3. The incidence http://www.selleckchem.com/products/ABT-263.html of FP scans was significantly higher in patients receiving CHOP-R (46/60, 77%) vs. CHOP alone (6/23, 26%, P? http://www.selleck.cn/products/Erlotinib-Hydrochloride.html Four hundred twenty-three FU-PETs detected 31 events of relapse, suggesting that 14 FU-PET studies were required to detect a single event of relapse. The number of PETs required to capture a single event of relapse was significantly higher in patients receiving immunochemotherapy versus CHOP-only (22 vs. 7, respectively). Moreover, a repeat analysis, excluding PET scans performed in the presence of symptoms, showed that 47 scans were needed to capture a single event of asymptomatic progression. Three hundred thirty-nine FDG-avid sites suspicious for disease recurrence were detected in 83 positive http://www.selleckchem.com/products/MK-2206.html FU-PET/CT studies, including 211(62%) FP and 128 TP (38%) sites. Of 339 positive sites, 191(56%) were nodal and 148(48%) extra-nodal. An FDG uptake in a nodal site was more likely to be FP in patients receiving CHOP-R (66/101, 65% vs. 38/90, 42%, P?=?0.012) compared with subjects treated with CHOP (38/90, 42%, P?=?0.012). This event was particularly prominent in case of an uptake in a cervical lymph node, with 88% FP studies in CHOP-R (32/36) vs. 42% (8/19) in those receiving chemotherapy only (P?=?0.0004). The median time to a positive PET was similar for subjects treated with and without R (1.2 vs. 1.65 months, P?=?NS). However, the frequency of FP PET in patients receiving CHOP only was higher in scans performed within the first 12 months of CR compared with those performed beyond that period. Conversely, the risk for a FP FU-PET remained constantly high up to 3 years after CR achievement in patients treated with CHOP-R (Fig. 1). Relationship between the number of FP FU-PET and patient, disease- and treatment-related parameters was assessed. Evaluation of the whole series by univariate analysis found rituxmab and low IPI to be the only factors associated with increased risk for FP FU-PETs. Age, sex, and disease stage had no statistically significant impact on the risk for FP test (Table 4). Multivariate analysis of the entire cohort confirmed these findings, demonstrating rituximab to be the most powerful factor for a FP PET, followed by a low IPI (Table 5).