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Acute and rWAS induce immediate visceral analgesia in male and female rats whereas rWAS induces delayed visceral hyperalgesia in females only:? Colorectal distension induces a stimulus intensity-dependent increase in the VMR of female and male rats as recorded by intraluminal colonic pressure (Fig.?1A). The baseline VMR to the first CRD at 10, 20, 40, and 60?mmHg was similar in na?ve male and female rats (VMR AUC min?1: 1.5?��?1.4, 21.5?��?7.7, 56.1?��?12.4, and 70.5?��?11.5 in males vs 4.0?��?2.7, 17.6?��?5.9, 64.8?��?10.04, and 64.0?��?6.6 in females, respectively, P?>?0.05). Two-way anova showed a significant effect of pressure of CRD [F (3, 76)?=?30.22, P? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentamorphone sex [F (3, 76)?=?0.3541, P?=?0.7863]. Comparisons were also performed according to the stage of the estrous cycle in females (Table?1), and two-way anova showed a significant effect of pressure of CRD [F (3, 232)?=?97.75, P? http://www.selleckchem.com/products/Adriamycin.html 40?mmHg (VMR: 47.6?��?8.6%vs 88.6?��?10.7%, P??0.05; Fig.?1B,C). The immediate visceral analgesia (significant decreased VMR below baseline in response to CRD 40?mmHg) developed in 82% of female and 90% of male rats subjected to an acute session of WAS. On day 2, 24?h after the single session of WAS, the VMR was not different from baseline values in females (Fig.?1B) and males (Fig.?1C). In separate groups of animals exposed to rWAS for 4?days, on day 4, 45�C50?min after the last session of 1-h WAS, there was a significant decrease in the VMR http://www.selleckchem.com/products/LBH-589.html to CRD at 40?mmHg compared to baseline in both female and male rats (VMR: 34.7?��?5.8%vs 99.2?��?7.4% in females, n?=?15; P??0.05; Fig.?1D,E).