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Standardized measures included weight, height, and hip http://www.selleckchem.com/products/z-vad-fmk.html bone mineral density (BMD) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA); medical history; lifestyle; and physical performance. Only 6 men (0.1%) were underweight ( http://www.selleck.cn/products/BIBW2992.html including one from the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study (MrOS) cohort, have established that low hip bone mineral density (BMD) is an independent risk factor for fracture among older men.2 However, the nonskeletal determinants of fracture risk among older men are not well understood. Because 30% of US adults age 60 or older are obese,3 understanding http://www.selleckchem.com/products/ly2157299.html the role of body mass index (BMI) in fracture risk is of particular relevance. Underweight has consistently been reported as a risk factor for fracture when compared to normal weight4; however, the effects of overweight and obesity are unclear. Although the adverse effects of adiposity on bone metabolism and bone density have been recently emphasized (reviewed in ref. 5), there is little understanding of body size and composition related to fracture risk among men. In particular, the influence of increased BMI and adiposity on fracture risk is unclear, and results of existing studies are equivocal. Some reports in men suggest an increased risk of fracture among men with greater adiposity6; however, other studies show either no association,7, 8 an increased risk of fracture for those with low BMI,4, 9�C11 or associations that differ by fracture site.