Blood Lipids Determine Lifespan: Avoiding 7 Major Risk Factors, Blood Lipids Never Rise

Hyperlipidemia is regarded as "silent killer"

What is blood lipids?

In human blood, the lipids contained in plasma are called blood lipids, including cholestanol, cholesterol esters, triglycerides (triacylglycerols), phospholipids, and non-fatty fatty acids.

Blood lipids in clinical tests mainly refer to triglycerides (TG) and cholesterol (TC) in plasma. The values of high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) often appear in physical examination reports.

There are "good and bad" cholesterol. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol is bad cholesterol and the culprit that causes atherosclerotic diseases. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol is good cholesterol, which is responsible for transporting bad cholesterol to the liver for metabolism.

In general, the cholesterol of normal people should be less than 5.2 millimoles / liter, and more than 5.7 millimoles / liter can be diagnosed as "hypercholesterolemia", and cholesterol between the two is also a critical increase; > 1.7 millimolar / liter, it can be diagnosed as "hypertriglyceridemia".

Blood cholesterol and triacylglycerol increase at the same time to meet the above standards, we call it "hybrid hyperlipidemia."

In addition, it should be noted that "boundary hypercholesterolemia" refers to low-density lipoprotein cholesterol of 3.37 to 4.12 mmol / L (130 to 160 mg / dl). There are currently about 200 million people in this category in China. According to the latest statistics, there are currently about 88 million hypercholesterolemia patients in China. However, the awareness rate, treatment rate, and control rate of cholesterol among adults in China are only 11%, 5.1%, and 2.8%.

Since the awareness rate of hyperlipidemia is not high, and the disease itself has no obvious symptoms, it is difficult to be found without a blood lipid test. Therefore, once the symptoms appear, the patient will be suddenly disabled or fatal, so blood lipids are also Become a "silent killer"

7 main risk factors for hypercholesterolemia

A large number of studies have shown that hypercholesterolemia is an important risk factor for stroke, coronary heart disease, and sudden cardiac death, and an important determinant of life.

According to the latest research, the main vascular events can be reduced by 21% for every 1 millimolar / liter of low-density lipoprotein in people with various cardiovascular diseases.

Therefore, we should fully recognize the important role of controlling blood lipids in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and truly achieve comprehensive management of risk factors.

High cholesterol, high blood pressure, and high blood sugar are both important risk factors for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. However, compared with the other two, blood lipid management has not received due attention.

So what are the causes of hypercholesterolemia?

First, basal plasma low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels are high. This is one of the main causes of critical hypercholesterolemia in humans.

Second, diet cholesterol is high. Cholesterol intake increased from 200mg to 400mg per day, can increase blood cholesterol by 0.13mmol / L (5mg / dl).

Third, the diet is high in saturated fatty acids. Another major reason for the increase in critical cholesterol is the higher saturated fatty acid dietary intake, the ideal amount should be 7%, and some people are twice this amount.

Fourth, weight gain. It is generally believed that an increase in body weight of about 1 kg can increase human blood cholesterol by 0.65 mmol / L (25 mg / dl).

Fifth, age effect. Existing data shows that, in addition to weight factors, age itself can increase plasma cholesterol by about 0.78 mmol / L (30 mg / dl).

Sixth, women are menopausal. Before the age of 45-50, women's blood cholesterol is lower than men's, and then higher than men's. This increase in postmenopausal cholesterol levels is likely due to a decrease in estrogen in the body.

Seventh, genetic variation. In fact, blood lipids have only a relatively normal level. According to different ages, blood pressure, and the situation of various organs in the whole body, the target value of blood lipid control for each person is different.

Suggest

First, reduce weight and limit salt intake. Should eat less salt, pickles, pickled products, etc. Patients with borderline hypercholesterolemia should exercise their daily diet, eat less fat, sweets, and salt. The diet is mainly light, eat more fruits and vegetables, and avoid overeating. The daily intake of table salt should not exceed 5 grams. Salt can keep water, increase blood volume, and increase the burden on the heart. Obese people should control their food intake and calories to reduce body weight, and they can adjust the diet structure under the guidance of clinical nutritionists.

Second, quit smoking and drink less, and maintain good habits. Nicotine (nicotine) can contract microvessels, make the heart beat faster, and raise blood pressure; a small amount of drinking can expand the microcirculation and increase the elasticity of blood vessels, which has certain benefits, but drinking a lot of alcohol and drinking strong alcohol is definitely harmful.

Finally, insist on regular blood lipid examination and strengthen exercise. It is best for middle-aged and elderly people or those with high blood pressure or diabetes to have a blood lipid test once a year, and pay attention to adjusting lifestyles, such as increasing exercise. The exercise method is suitable for walking, brisk walking, jogging, fast running, swimming, and climbing. The amount of exercise is gradual.