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The comparison group was the population of Australia. Estimated resident population data and the Australian incidence data on second cancers were sourced from the NCSCH. For the incident cancer study, person-years at risk was accumulated for each person in the LHN cohort from the date of diagnosis of LHN up to the date of diagnosis of second cancer, date of death or 31st December 2005, whichever came first. To http://www.selleckchem.com/products/epz-5676.html reduce the impact of potential detection bias, we excluded any secondary cancers diagnosed within 3 months of the first cancer.15 The expected number of second cancers was calculated by applying the 5-year age, decade of diagnosis and sex-specific incidence rate for each condition in Australia to the person-years at risk among the LHN cohort in the National Cancer Database. Indirectly age-standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated for each site of cancer as the ratio of the observed number of cases to the expected number of cases. Ninety-five percent confidence intervals (95% CIs) for these SIRs were calculated assuming a Poisson distribution for the observed cases. For those cancer sites that had at least 20 observed cases in total and were significantly increased after LHN (p http://www.selleck.cn/products/Staurosporine.html Initial data extraction was conducted by AIHW. The relevant programming code for analysis was sent electronically to AIHW staff who submitted the programs and then returned the aggregated results to the investigators. This ensured that no potentially identifying information was released outside the AIHW. Our study was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of the University of Western Australia. AIHW: Australian Institute for Health and Welfare; CLL: chronic lymphocytic leukemia; HD: Hodgkin's disease; LHN: lymphohematopoietic neoplasms; NCSCH: National Cancer Statistics Clearing House; NHL: non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; NMSC: nonmelanoma skin cancer; SCC: squamous cell carcinoma; SIR: standardized http://www.selleckchem.com/products/ly2109761.html incidence ratio; UVR: ultraviolet radiation Among 128,467 LHN patients in our cohort, with 621,334 person-years accumulated, 31.5% (n = 40,529) were NHL, 6.5% (n = 8,418) HD, 12.6% (n = 16,156) plasma cell tumours, 15.2% (n = 19,328) lymphoid leukemia and 10.8% (n = 13,923) myeloid leukemia. Of all patients with LHN, 55.7% were male, the median age at diagnosis was 65 years, and 6.7% were diagnosed with a second cancer (Table 1). For NHL patients, the overall risk of second cancer was increased (SIR = 1.93, 95% CI = 1.86, 2.00; Table 2).