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Patient survival was 96% at 1?year and 93% at 2?years. Kidney graft survival was 95% at 1?year and 89% at 3?years, and pancreas graft survival was slightly lower at 87% at 1?year and 79% at 3?years. More http://www.selleckchem.com/PD-1-PD-L1.html recently, Dawson et?al. described effects of rabbit ATG induction on sensitization for future transplants, based a review of UNOS/OPTN data, and found that using no-induction therapy or using IL-2 receptor blockade induction may be risk factors for sensitization to future transplants [31]. Zhang et?al. described 91 SPK transplants performed with 2-dose basiliximab induction and triple maintenance immunosuppression with steroids, tacrolimus, and mycophenolate without a control group [32]. Again, patient survival was very good at 91% at 1?year, and declined to 88% at 7?years. Kidney graft survival was 90% at 1?year, 85% at 3?years, 79% at 5?years, and 71% at 7?years. Pancreas graft survival was slightly lower at 87% at 1?year, 81% at 3?years, 71% at 5?years, and 59% at 7?years. Biopsy-proven acute rejection rates for the renal allograft were 14% at 1?year, 21% at 3?years, 25% at 5?years, and 29% at 7?years. Several descriptive studies have reported on the use of alemtuzumab induction in a mixed group of pancreas transplant recipients. Muthusamy et?al. reported in 2007 on 102 pancreas recipients with 2-dose alemtuzumab induction and tacrolimus/mycophenolate maintenance therapy [33]. One-year patient http://www.selleck.cn/products/MK-1775.html survival was above 95%. One-year pancreas allograft survival was 90% for SPKs (n?=?83), 80% for PAKs (n?=?15), and 100% for PTAs (n?=?4). Acute rejection rates were 22% in SPKs, 27% in PAKs, and 0% in PTAs. Glycated hemoglobin levels at 3?months were 5.2?��?0.6?mg/dl. Uemura et?al. described outcomes of single-dose alemtuzumab induction with tacrolimus/mycophenolate maintenance without long-term corticosteroids in a small group of mixed pancreas transplant recipients [34]. They noted acute cellular rejection occurred in 42% of recipients, antibody-mediated rejection in 7%, and CMV viremia or infection in 28%. Despite the relatively high rate of rejection and CMV, the outcomes were reported to be excellent. One-year patient and pancreas allograft survival was 100%; 3-year http://www.selleckchem.com/products/Adriamycin.html graft survival remained at 100% in the SPK (n?=?17) and PAK (n?=?5) groups, and was 83% in the PTA group (n?=?6). Allograft function at 1 and 3?years was excellent (HbA1c?