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Nevertheless, LDKT after desensitization provides a significant survival benefit for patients with DSA as compared with patients waiting for a compatible kidney [12]. Pre-transplant detection of DSA and the interpretation of clinical significance is a major issue in renal transplantation [13�C18]. Recently, the Luminex-crossmatch method (DSA; GEN-PROBE, Stamford, CT, USA) was introduced. This technique has the advantage of greater sensitivity than CDC crossmatch (CDCXm). However, the clinical significance of DSA detected by LumXm is uncertain. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to evaluate clinical outcomes in renal http://www.selleckchem.com/products/obeticholic-acid.html transplantation patients with a positive Luminex-crossmatch (LumXm (+)) and a negative CDC crossmatch (CDCXm (?)). Fifty-five renal transplant recipients with a CDCXm (?) and PRA class I or II ��20% were enrolled in this study between February 2008 and December 2010 at Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System. LumXm testing was performed using pretransplant recipient serum and donor lysates. The 55 patients were divided into two groups, namely, a LumXm (+) group (n?=?18) and a LumXm (?) group (n?=?37). The clinical outcomes of these two groups were retrospectively analyzed. Institutional Review Board approval was obtained (4-2011-0805). Maintenance of immunosuppression consisted of a calcineurin inhibitor (tacrolimus or cyclosporine)/ mycophenolate mofetil (MMF)/steroid, or tacrolimus/sirolimus/steroid. Target trough levels of tacrolimus were 5�C12?ng/ml for http://www.selleckchem.com/products/Adriamycin.html the first month, and 3�C7?ng/ml thereafter, whereas target trough levels of cyclosporine were 100�C200?ng/ml for the first month , and 80�C150?ng/ml thereafter. Basiliximab (20?mg i.v.) was administered http://www.selleck.cn/products/sch772984.html to all patients on the day of surgery and on postoperative day 4. Anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) was not routinely used for induction. The immunosuppressive strategy was the same in the two groups. Prior to transplantation, a single dose of rituximab (375?mg/m2 i.v.) was administered to all patients with PRA class I or II ��50%. Acute rejection was diagnosed by graft biopsy or by clinical deterioration of graft function as determined by doppler ultrasound. If possible, a graft biopsy was performed in patients with a deteriorating graft function. No routine protocol biopsy was performed. A histologic diagnosis of acute rejection was made according to Banff 07 criteria [19]. C4d staining was performed in all biopsy samples, and interpreted as diffuse when >50% of cortical peritubular capillaries (PTCs) were linearly stained and focal when staining was