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To exclude the possibility that blood cells may have been scored accidentally, hepatocytes were identified with HE staining of the same specimen as used for FISH (Figure?4b). We also observed a variety of abnormal karyotypic changes in hepatocytes http://www.selleckchem.com/products/Y-27632.html that were not consequences of normal nuclear division in the donor liver, including YY, XYYY, XXXY, and XXYY (in female donors), and odd numbers of X and Y signals, such as YYY, XYY, XXY, XXX, XYYYY, XXXYY, and XXXXX configurations (Figure?4c). These complex karyotypic changes were probably due to hepatocyte fusion and/or unequal cell division. In donor livers, the degree of abnormal karyotype was not significantly different in TG (median, 3.74%) and IPTH (median, 6.02%) (P?=?0.869). After long-term transplantation, a median of 9.62% of hepatocyte nuclei in IPTH had abnormal karyotypes; in TG, the percentage was 2.02%. Hepatocytes with abnormal karyotypes were more common in IPTH than TG at the late biopsies (P?=?0.043) (Figure?4d). To assess the factors that influenced the development of IPTH, univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard analyses http://www.selleckchem.com/products/chir-99021-ct99021-hcl.html were performed using continuous variables including recipient age, donor age, abnormal karyotype ratio in the donor livers, TI decline in the first year (the difference between TI in the donor livers and TI at the earliest biopsies), the presence or absence of ACR within a year, and graft-recipient weight ratio (GRWR). With univariate analysis of these parameters, patients with a higher abnormal karyotype ratio http://www.selleck.cn/products/pexidartinib-plx3397.html in the donor livers (square root of the ratio ��0.2449) had a greater risk of occurrence of IPTH than patients with a lower abnormal karyotype ratio in the donor livers (