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To the knowledge of the authors, no prior study has examined the prospective association between sleep habits, as measured using actigraphy, and cognitive function in older adults after hospital discharge. Such an investigation is of importance because of the inherent risks involved in late-life hospitalization, including cognitive decline, functional decline, and mortality,[14] and the modifiable nature of sleep in late?life.[18] The current investigation represents a secondary analysis of data derived from two studies. The goal was to examine http://www.selleck.cn/products/Erlotinib-Hydrochloride.html modifiable predictors of late-life cognitive change after discharge from an inpatient postacute rehabilitation stay. Specifically, the role of changes in objectively assessed daytime and nighttime sleep between a postacute rehabilitation stay and 6-month follow-up and changes in global cognitive functioning over the same time period were examined. These relationships were examined taking into account the effects of age, education, sex, body mass index (BMI), depressive symptoms, pain, and medical comorbidities on initial level of cognitive functioning. http://www.selleckchem.com/products/ABT-263.html It was hypothesized that older adults whose sleep improved after discharge (spent less time awake during the night and less time asleep during the day) would experience positive cognitive changes, whereas those whose sleep worsened after hospital discharge (spent more time asleep during the day and more time awake at night) would experience negative cognitive changes. Individuals admitted for rehabilitation services who were aged 60 and older were approached for participation in one of two studies. Study 1 was a descriptive study of sleep and health outcomes in older adults undergoing inpatient postacute rehabilitation (n?=?85). Study 2 was a behavioral intervention trial to improve sleep during postacute rehabilitation (n?=?107). Both studies included individuals admitted to postacute inpatient rehabilitation units at a Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center. Inclusion criteria were aged 60 and older and admitted for rehabilitation (receiving physical or occupational therapy). Individuals with profound cognitive impairment (MMSE score http://www.selleckchem.com/products/MK-2206.html transferred, died, or were discharged within 1?week of admission; could not participate in the study because of a severe medical illness or severe behavioral disturbance; and were unable to communicate verbally in English during the screening process. The same inclusion and exclusion criteria were employed in both studies. The Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System institutional review board reviewed and approved the research methods, and informed consent was obtained from all participants. Study 1 (descriptive study) and Study 2 (intervention trial) included a baseline and 6-month follow-up assessment.