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2010). This landscape mosaic could be created by retaining patches unmanaged for long periods (>50?years) interspersed in a matrix where fuel treatments are carried out regularly ( http://www.selleckchem.com/products/AZD2281(Olaparib).html 2011; Verdasca et?al. 2012) and top predators (Palma, Beja & Rodrigues 1999; Palma et?al. 2006) and their prey (Beja, Pais & Palma 2007). Furthermore, this strategy should help to reduce fire hazard at the landscape scale (Loehle 2004; Lehmkuhl et?al. 2007), which is a primary goal of forest management in the region (Pausas et?al. 2008; Moreira et?al. 2011). Defining the characteristics of this mosaic landscape, particularly the number, area and distribution of patches of different successional age, should be the subject of future research, requiring the integration of Mediterranean landscape succession disturbance dynamics http://www.selleck.cn/products/BEZ235.html (e.g. Millington et?al. 2009) and accounting for multiple management objectives (Santos & Thorne 2010; Bugalho et?al. 2011). This study was funded by IFADAP-Program AGRO 8.1 and by the National Forest Authority. The Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation provided fellowships to J.S. (SFRH/BD/63566/2009), M.P. (SFRH/BD/28974/2006), L.G. (SFRH/BD/64645/2009) and L.R. (SFRH/BPD/62865/2009). We thank the staff of ERENA, the Forest Producers Association of Barranco do Velho, the Association In Loco, the Association http://www.selleckchem.com/products/PLX-4032.html for the Defence of M��rtola Heritage, and the Centre for Applied Ecology ��Baeta Neves�� for collaboration in the development of the project, Ricardo Silva and Rui Guerreiro for assistance in field work, and Francisco Moreira and two anonymous referees for revising the manuscript. Fig. S1. Generalized additive model fits (solid lines) and 95% confidence intervals (hatched lines), of relationships between fuel management and species richness of bird trophic guilds in winter (a�Cf) and spring (g�Cj), for point counts with a 200-m cut-off. Fig. S2. Generalized additive model fits (solid lines) and 95% confidence intervals (hatched lines), of relationships between fuel management and species richness of bird foraging guilds in winter (a�Ch) and spring (i�Cp), for point counts with a 200-m cut-off. Fig. S3. Generalized additive model fits (solid lines) and 95% confidence intervals (hatched lines), of relationships between fuel management and abundance of bird trophic guilds in winter (a�Cf) and spring (g�Cj), for point counts with a 200-m cut-off. Fig. S4.