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The authors thank Kristin M Saunders (Department of Urology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA) for her assistance with the preparation of this manuscript. None declared. ""To describe our 10-year experience with the use of oral ethinylestradiol in the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. From February 2000 to April 2010, 116 patients with a metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer were prospectively submitted to oral ethinylestradiol monotherapy. Inclusion criteria were: diagnosis of castration-resistant prostate cancer after failure of at least two lines of androgen deprivation therapy and radiological evidence of metastases. Exclusion http://www.selleckchem.com/products/CP-673451.html criteria were: symptomatic cases with a European Cooperative Oncology Group score >2 and severe or uncontrolled cardiovascular diseases. At inclusion in the study, all patients discontinued the previous androgen deprivation therapy and started oral ethinylestradiol at the daily dose of 1?mg. Aspirin (100?mg/daily) was concomitantly given. The median ethinylestradiol therapy duration was 15.9 months (range 8�C36 months), whereas the median follow http://www.selleckchem.com/products/rxdx-106-cep-40783.html up of patients was 28 months (range 13�C36 months). During ethinylestradiol therapy, a confirmed prostate-specific antigen response was found in 79 patients (70.5%). The median time to prostate-specific antigen progression was 15.10 months (95% confidence interval 13.24�C18.76 months). A toxicity requiring treatment cessation was observed in 26 patients (23.2%) at a median time of 16 months (mainly thromboembolism). Our 10-year experience shows that ethinylestradiol provides a prostate-specific antigen response in a high percentage of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Cardiovascular toxicity can be managed through accurate patient selection, close follow up and a concomitant anticoagulation therapy. ""To examine whether https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crotamiton low-dose maintenance gemcitabine-carboplatin chemotherapy is beneficial for patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma. We retrospectively reviewed the records of 36 patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma who received first-line chemotherapy (gemcitabine/cisplatin, gemcitabine/carboplatin, or methotrexate/vinblastine/adriamycin/cisplatin) between 2006 and 2012. Those who had responded, but were unable to tolerate ongoing first-line chemotherapy, had been switched to low-dose maintenance chemotherapy consisting of 1?g/m2 of gemcitabine and area under the curve 2�C4 of carboplatin given on day 1 of a 6-week cycle, and were continued unless disease progression was seen. After a median of three cycles of first-line chemotherapy, 17 patients had been switched to low-dose maintenance chemotherapy. The median age was 70 years (range 56�C79 years), and 12 patients (70.6%) had renal dysfunction (creatinine clearance