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51 �� 0.23 ms, P= 0.012, n= 6) (Fig. 4A�CD). The coefficient of variation (CV = standard deviation/mean) of the rise time of intra-burst mIPSCs (0.36 �� 0.09) was significantly smaller than the CV of extra-burst mIPSCs (0.63 �� 0.07, P= 0.017, n= 6), indicating a lower variance of intra-burst mIPSC rise times. All six cells analysed also had mean intra-burst mIPSC amplitudes that were larger than the mean extra-burst mIPSC amplitudes (122.3 �� 20.4 pA vs. 64.0 �� 11.1 pA, P= 0.003). The amplitude CV was also smaller for intra-burst mIPSCs http://www.selleckchem.com/products/AZD0530.html than for extra-burst mIPSCs (0.32 �� 0.04 vs. 0.57 �� 0.06, P= 0.004). The amplitude of burst and extra-burst mIPSCs for the six cells combined was also different according to the Kolgomorov�CSmirnov test (P http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diglyceride amplitudes observed in most bursts were caused by multiquantal GABA release. The quantal analysis required to assess this possibility was hampered by the high frequency of mIPSCs in bursts, which resulted in extensive summation and a relatively small number http://www.selleckchem.com/products/GDC-0941.html of free-standing mIPSCs. The amplitude histograms of burst and extra-burst mIPSCs for the cell with the longest burst duration are presented in Fig. 4F. MNCs release their peptide hormones most efficiently during AP bursts (Dutton & Dyball, 1979). Therefore, we wanted to probe the effect of mIPSC bursts on AP firing patterns. A square hyperpolarizing current pulse (40�C80 pA, 500 ms) applied at resting potentials close to threshold during an AP-free period was followed by a rebound depolarization in 11 of 34 cells. The rebound depolarization reached AP threshold and triggered spikes in 5 of these cells (Stern & Armstrong, 1995). When such pulses were given during a burst of APs, the burst was usually terminated, though sometimes several consecutive, contiguous pulses were required (1�C6 contiguous pulses, n= 16 cells). To test the effects of a more physiological stimulus, we also used a burst of mIPSCs pre-recorded from a different neurone as a template for current stimulation delivered through the patch pipette (��mIPSC burst playback��). Neurones that responded to square hyperpolarizing pulses with rebound APs also generated APs in response to these mIPSC burst injections (Fig. 5A). In three of these neurones, the simulated mIPSP bursts triggered burst-like AP afterdischarges (Fig. 5B and C). When the mIPSC burst stimulus was delivered during a burst-like AP afterdischarge, it terminated the afterdischarge in 8 out of 10 cells (Fig. 6).