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5 Given that childhood cancer is relatively rare, and young adult survivors do not always return to their treatment center for long-term follow-up, a single institution will not have sufficient numbers of patients to draw firm conclusions about long-term outcomes. The Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS),6 a multi-institutional study of individuals surviving ��5 years after treatment for childhood cancer, provides a unique opportunity to assess the outcomes of long-term survivors http://www.selleckchem.com/products/epacadostat-incb024360.html of pediatric osteosarcoma. This report provides a comprehensive evaluation of survival, medical and psychosocial outcomes, and health status. The study design and cohort characteristics of CCSS have been previously described in detail.6 The 26 CCSS collaborating institutions initially identified 20,631 eligible 5-year cancer survivors diagnosed at an age of http://www.selleckchem.com/products/MG132.html of sex, age at diagnosis, age at the entry to CCSS, diagnosis type, and type of cancer treatment.6, 7 To compare survivors http://www.selleck.cn/products/pfi-2.html with cancer-free individuals, a random sample of siblings of the CCSS survivors were selected and asked to complete the CCSS questionnaires. There were 3899 (81.4% of eligible) siblings who completed the baseline questionnaire, 2540 siblings and 552 survivors who completed the 2000 follow-up survey, and 2875 siblings and 488 survivors who completed the 2003 follow-up survey. All of the outcomes used all available data from the 3 surveys except for chronic health conditions and adverse health status, which was available only from the baseline questionnaire. The US National Death Index (NDI) was used to ascertain the vital status of all 1068 eligible osteosarcoma survivors as of December 31, 2002, with causes of death being identified through death certificates (causes of 9 Canadians' deaths could not be ascertained).8 Treatment information including tumor location was collected from the treating institution. Data regarding exposure to 42 chemotherapeutic agents (yes/no) were abstracted from the medical record, with cumulative doses abstracted for 22 specific agents.6 Cancer-related surgical procedures and fields/doses of radiation therapy were also collected.