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Intertwined with religious coping, the use of resilience for these women involved having a belief that despite their circumstances or situation, they had to remain strong, live in the moment and maintain a positive attitude. Overall the women described religious coping and resilience as successfully helping them with their symptoms of depression. Research focusing on older African American women's mental health is in an infancy stage; thus, there is a need for more research in this area. Findings from the present http://www.selleck.cn/products/3-methyladenine.html study make a contribution to this sparsely researched area, as well as informing clinical practice. In particular, the results of the present study provide a framework to better understand this group's conceptualization of depression specific to their lived http://www.selleckchem.com/products/r428.html experiences with depression and their beliefs about depression. The findings also provides information about this group's culturally sanctioned coping behaviours in response to depression and how those coping behaviours influenced their use of mental health services. In addition, results of this study can inform future research with this group and guide development of educational and clinical interventions to better meet the mental health needs of older African American women with depression. Study participants' belief that depression is chronic (��all of my life��) is consistent with results of a national survey with a sample of 3570 African Americans focusing on prevalence of depression among African American and Caucasians. Williams et?al. (2007) found that the chronicity of major depressive disorder among African Americans (56%) was higher than for Whites (38.6%). Yet, Williams et?al. (2007) did not examine differences in chronicity of depression by age group; therefore, the present study is probably the first to document that older African American women reported experiencing chronic depression. Additionally, Kessler http://www.selleckchem.com/products/PF-2341066.html et?al. (1997) found that adults who suffer from mental disorders were more likely to report having been exposed to serious hardships during childhood, which again provides evidence for the chronicity of depression in this group. Also, given that unidentified and untreated depression increases risks for morbidity and mortality among older adults (Matthews & Hughes 2001, Lesperance et?al. 2002), results of the present study underscore the critical need for early identification and treatment of depression among older African American women. Participants' beliefs about causal factors of depression are consistent with causal factors identified in the Diagnostic Statistical Manual-IV-TR (APA 2000) and in the social determinants of health literature (Buckner-Brown et?al. 2011), suggesting they have reasonably accurate knowledge of factors that cause depression.