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Early pH was numerically higher in 199 VV and IV genotypes compared to 199 II. In contrast, others (Fontanesi et al., 2008) indicated AMPK��3 199 II is associated with higher pH early postmortem. For pHu, the influence of AMPK��3 199 genotype was dependent on gender (genotype?��?gender, P?=?0.04; Fig.?1B). Ultimate pH was greater in castrated males with genotype 199II compared to all females regardless of genotype, and castrated males with genotype VV. It is unclear why genotype affected pHu in castrated males but not females. It is plausible that transportation stimulated the onset of puberty in females (Einarsson, Brandt, Lundeheim, & Madej, 2008); in turn, this may have increased their susceptibility to pre-slaughter handling stress and influenced meat quality development postmortem. Regardless, the improvement in pH due to genotype was ~?0.10?pH unit, which is consistent http://www.selleckchem.com/products/AC-220.html with Ciobanu et al. (2001). In general, color attributes followed trends in pHu (Table?4). Females exhibited similar L*, a*, and b* values regardless of genotype. Within castrated males, those possessing AMPK��3 199 II were most different from VV genotype, although only redness (a*) was significantly lower in 199 II and IV castrated males, as compared to wild type (VV). Lindahl et al. (2004) also reported that 199I allele decreased reflectance, redness, and yellowness color. AMPK��3 199 II genotype is proposed to improve pHu http://www.selleckchem.com/products/nutlin-3a.html by decreasing the capacity for postmortem glycolysis, evidenced by lower glycolytic potential due to lower residual glycogen content as well as lower lactate content at 24?h (Ciobanu et al., 2001). Genotype influenced (P?=?0.03) glycolytic potential (Fig.?2A). Wild type (VV genotype) possessed numerically greater GP than other genotypes, but was only significantly (P? http://www.selleck.cn/products/Romidepsin-FK228.html 199 VV ranged from about 100 to almost 200?��mol/g lactate equivalents whereas the range and maximum values for GP for genotypes IV and II were much less (approximately 100 to 140?��mol/g; Fig.?2B). In fact, GP values near 200 are comparable to those of pigs that possess a 200Q allele (RN??). If the highest GP value was considered an outlier and excluded from analysis, genotype still tended (P?=?0.10) to influence GP. The 199V allele may enhance the capacity for glycogen storage relative to 199I. This is consistent with the concept that RN?? phenotype may be due to combined effect of the 199V-200Q haplotype (Ciobanu et al., 2001). Due to the close proximity of the alleles and more recent evolution of 200Q, the 200Q allele is always found with 199V, while 200R (rn+) may be found with either 199I or 199V. It is unclear how 199V-200R contributes to enhanced glycogen storage in comparison to 199I-200R. Due to the range in glycogen and GP values, we also examined the relationship between GP and pHu. GP was not related to pHu (r2?=?0.00, P?=?0.89; Fig.?3).