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Our results show the variability in distribution dynamics at the species level, but also identify underlying patterns in changes occurring for a large group of species. We examine the role of local habitat availability (spatial structure) and the relative importance of short- and long-distance colonisation. In the British Isles, the distribution of plant species has been well documented for hundreds of years, often with national coverage. These distribution records, collected from various sources including the Botanical Society for the British Isles�� (BSBI) vice-county recorder scheme, as well as dedicated surveys, have been published as atlases on two occasions: first in Perring & Walters http://www.selleck.cn/products/PD-98059.html (1962), with an updated version (Preston, Pearman & Dines 2002) following when the original was found to have become outdated (Rich & Woodruff 1996). These will be referred to throughout the text as the first atlas and the new atlas, respectively. These atlases have allowed an assessment of the changes in the British flora over the second half of the 20th century, and there is a considerable evidence of significant changes to many distributions over this time, such as establishment and naturalisation of alien species in the flora (Rich & Woodruff 1996; Smart et?al. 2005; Braithwaite, Ellis & Preston 2006). A range of studies have modelled changes in the British flora examining ecological correlates of range structure in rare and scarce plants (Pocock et?al. 2006), climate impacts on a single-species http://www.selleckchem.com/products/Everolimus(RAD001).html distribution (Foody 2008) and the recent spread of alien species (Hulme 2009). The distribution data used here were obtained from the vascular plant data base, which is maintained online (Botanical Society of the British Isles). Records are held for 6669 higher plant taxa in the British Isles. These were collected between 1629 and 2006 and are standardised and presented in the form of presence/absence distribution maps at the 10?km?��?10?km scale. The full species list was refined by discarding low-level taxonomic distinctions including subspecies, hybrids and variegates. The data for each species were sorted to include only the records from two time http://www.selleckchem.com/products/Rapamycin.html periods: 1930�C1960 and 1987�C1999. These correspond with the full data collection periods for each atlas. At this point, the data set was further refined by discarding records for species with a negligible presence in the British Isles, defined as those whose range covered