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Results? Skin moisture was found to be significantly lower in the labia than at the other three sites examined. No differences were found in skin pH. A significant difference in ceramide content was observed between the groin and inner thigh. The ratio of interleukin-1�� (IL-1��) and interleukin-1�� receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) was significantly higher in the labia than in the other sites. Numbers of total bacteria, Staphylococcus epidermis, and Lactobacillus spp. were greater in the http://www.selleck.cn/products/SP600125.html labia and mons pubis sites compared with the inner thigh. Prevotella spp. were found only in the labia. Conclusions? In Japanese women, the skin at the labia is drier and more inflammatory than the skin at the groin, mons pubis, and inner thigh; this cannot be explained by the ceramide content and/or pH of the stratum corneum. Prevotella spp. may perform a key role in the vulvar skin of Japanese women. ""Background? Folliculitis keloidalis nuchae (FKN), characterized by nucheal pimples and keloids, has a predilection for curly African hair. The disease is 10 times more common in males than females. The aim of this study was to investigate determinants of FKN in males. Methods? Factors associated with the presence of FKN were investigated from two cross-sectional studies involving 1042 children and 874 adults, respectively. http://www.selleckchem.com/products/epz015666.html All participants had given informed consent. A clinical diagnosis of FKN was made only if nucheal keloidal papules (or plaques) were present. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between FKN and specific characteristics in male participants. Results? The odds ratio (OR) for FKN in males was higher in the adult than the child study [OR?=?7.26, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.13�C16.88; P?50?years (OR?=?2.44, 95% CI 0.75�C7.89; P?=?0.14) but significantly higher in those aged >25�C50?years (OR?=?5.75, 95% CI 2.67�C12.64; P? http://www.selleckchem.com/products/smoothened-agonist-sag-hcl.html hairstyles. Most hair (86%) was cut close to the scalp with clippers, a process often accompanied by the exhibition of symptoms. For example, 47% of respondents reported transient haircut-related crusts or pimples (Yes vs. No, FKN OR?=?3.44, 95% CI 1.43�C8.301; P?=?0.006), and 32% of adult males reported at least one episode of bleeding (Yes vs. Never, FKN OR?=?3.45, 95% CI 1.23�C9.68; P?
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