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""Introduction:? Endobronchial ultrasound transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is an emerging minimally invasive option for pathologic examination of intrathoracic lymphadenopathy as well as for staging lung cancer. Objectives:? To evaluate the diagnostic yield and possible learning curve effects on diagnostic performance using EBUS-TBNA in mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Methods:? A retrospective analysis was performed on 243 consecutive patients who underwent EBUS-TBNA over a http://www.selleck.cn/products/CP-690550.html 4-year period. Demographic and clinical data and pathology results were analysed for different time frames in order to evaluate potential learning curve effects. The procedures were performed by two experienced bronchoscopists at a single university medical centre. Results:? Samples were representative in 83% (200/243) of the patients. The overall diagnostic yield was 66% (n?=?161/243). The diagnostic accuracy of EBUS-TBNA for detecting malignancy was 98.0% and for lung cancer 98.5%. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for lung cancer stage ��N1 and malignant disease were 100% for the first three studied periods and slightly less favourable in the most recent study period. Representative samples were obtained more frequently in the latter study periods (P? http://www.selleckchem.com/products/abt-199.html is easily overcome, although previous experience with ultrasound may be necessary. The diagnostic yield of EBUS-TBNA is in accordance with previously reported yield of standard cervical mediastinoscopy. At present, however, the relationship between EBUS-TBNA and mediastinoscopy appears to be complementary rather than substitutive. Please cite this paper as: Jernl?s B, Nyberger H, Ek L, ?hman R, J?nsson P and Nozohoor S. Diagnostic yield and efficacy of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration in mediastinal lymphadenopathy. http://www.selleckchem.com/products/ABT-263.html Clin Respir J 2012; 6: 88�C95. Staging of lung cancer is currently performed using the surgical technique of mediastinoscopy, which is regarded as the reference standard for sampling mediastinal lesions, allowing for biopsies with high histological sensitivity (1�C4). However, mediastinoscopy is invasive, requires general anaesthesia and often hospitalisation, and has rare but serious complications (5). With the emergence of minimally invasive methods, new modalities for diagnostic purposes, as well as for staging lung cancer, are being evaluated (6). One such method is endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS), which has improved the possibility of reaching diagnosis through transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) (7, 8). The combination (EBUS-TBNA) offers a minimally invasive option for staging suspected lung cancer, as well as for the diagnosis of mediastinal lesions of origins other than malignancies accessible from the airway (9).