What is Rhabdomyolysis

Rhabdomyolysis is the breakdown of skeletal muscle due to injury, either mechanical, physical or chemical. The principal result of this process is acute renal failure due to accumu...

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1 By JMSTULIR
07/09/09

Rhabdomyolysis Information

Rhabdomyolysis is the breakdown of skeletal muscle due to injury, either mechanical, physical or chemical. The principal result of this process is acute renal failure due to accumulation of muscle breakdown products in the bloodstream, several of which are injurous to the kidney. Treatment is with intravenous fluids, and dialysis if necessary.

The main therapeutic measure is hyperhydration (by administering intravenous fluids), and if necessary the use of diuretics (to prevent fluid overload). Alkalinisation of the urine with bicarbonate reduces the amount of myoglobin accumulating in the kidney.

As the electrolytes are frequently deranged, these may require correction, especially hyperkalemia (elevated potassium levels in the blood). Calcium levels are initially low (hypocalcemia), as circulating calcium precipitates in the damaged muscle tissue, presumably with phosphate released from intracellular stores. When the acute renal failure resolves, vitamin D levels rise rapidly, causing hypercalcemia (elevated calcium). Although this resolves eventually, high calcium levels may require treatment with bisphosphonates (e.g. pamidronate).

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